Unit I Introduction to Database Management Systems and ER Model Introduction, Purpose of Database Systems, Database-System Applications, View of Data, Database Languages, Database System Structure, Data Models. Database Design and ER Model : Entity, Attributes, Relationships, Constraints, Keys, Design Process, Entity-Relationship Model, ER Diagram, Design Issues, Extended E-R Features, converting ER and EER diagram into tables. (Chapter - 1) Unit II SQL and PL/SQL SQL : Characteristics and Advantages, SQL Data Types and Literals, DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, SQL Operators. Tables : Creating, Modifying, Deleting, Updating. SQL DML Queries : SELECT Query and clauses, Index and Sequence in SQL. Views : Creating, Dropping, Updating using Indexes, Set Operations, Predicates and Joins, Set membership, Tuple Variables, Set comparison, Ordering of Tuples, Aggregate Functions, SQL Functions, Nested Queries. PL/SQL : Concept of Stored Procedures and Functions, Cursors, Triggers, Assertions, Roles and Privileges. (Chapter - 2, 3) Unit III Relational Database Design Relational Model : Basic concepts, Attributes and Domains, CODD's Rules. Relational Integrity : Domain, Referential Integrities, Enterprise Constraints. Database Design : Features of Good Relational Designs, Normalization, Atomic Domains and First Normal Form, Decomposition using Functional Dependencies, Algorithms for Decomposition, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF. (Chapter - 4) Unit IV Database Transaction Management Introduction to Database Transaction, Transaction states, ACID properties, Concept of Schedule, Serial Schedule. Serializability : Conflict and View, Cascaded Aborts, Recoverable and Non-recoverable Schedules. Concurrency Control : Lock-based, Time-stamp based Deadlock handling. Recovery methods : Shadow-Paging and Log-Based Recovery, Checkpoints. Log-Based Recovery : Deferred Database Modifications and Immediate Database Modifications. (Chapter - 5) Unit V NoSQL Databases Unit VI Advances in Databases
