UNIT - I SOIL EXPLORATION : Need - methods of soil exploration - boring and sampling methods - penetration tests - plate load test - planning of soil exploration programme, Bore logs and preparation of soil investigation report. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II SLOPE STABILITY : Infinite and finite earth slopes - types of failures - factor of safety of infinite slopes - stability analysis by Swedish slip circle method, method of slices, Bishop's Simplified method of slices - Taylor's Stability Number- stability of slopes of earth dams under different conditions. (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III EARTH PRESSURE THEORIES : Active, Passive and at rest soil pressures Rankine's theory of earth pressure - earth pressures in layered soils - Coulomb's earth pressure theory. RETAINING WALLS : Types of retaining walls - stability of gravity and cantilever retaining walls against overturning, sliding and, bearing capacity, filter material for drainage. (Chapter - 3) UNIT - IV SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS : Types - choice of foundation - location and depth - safe bearing capacity - shear criteria - Terzaghi's, and IS code methods - settlement criteria - allowable bearing pressure based on SPT N value and plate load test - allowable settlements of structures. (Chapter - 4) UNIT - V PILE FOUNDATION : Types of piles - load carrying capacity of piles based on static pile formulae - dynamic pile formulae - Pile Capacity through SPT results - pile load tests - load carrying capacity of pile groups in sands and clays - Settlement of pile groups - negative skin friction. (Chapter - 5)