Unit I Introduction and Index Properties a) Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering and its applications to Civil Engineering. (Types of soil structure, major soil deposits of India), Field identification of soils. {Introduction to soil exploration: objective and purpose.} b) Three phase soil system weight - volume relationships, Index properties of soil : Methods of determination and their significance. [IS and Unified Soil classification systems.] (Chapter - 1) Unit II Permeability and Seepage a) Soil water, permeability definition and necessity of its study, Darcy’s law, factors affecting permeability. (Laboratory measurement of permeability : Constant head method and Falling head method as per IS 2720.) {Field test for determination of permeability - Pumping in test and Pumping out test as per IS 5529 Part-I.} Permeability of stratified soil deposits. b) Seepage and Seepage Pressure, quick sand phenomenon, critical hydraulic gradient, General flow equation for 2-D flow (Laplace equation). [Flow Net, properties and application]Flow Net construction for flow under sheet pile and earthen dam. (Chapter - 2) Unit III Compaction and Stress Distribution a) Compaction - Introduction, Comparison between compaction and consolidation.[Compaction tests - Standard Proctor test, Modified Proctor test]. Zero air void line. Factors affecting compaction. Effect of compaction on soil properties. (Field compaction methods and compaction equipment for different types of soil), Placement water content, Field compaction control- use of compaction test result. {Proctor needle in field compaction control.} b) Stress Distribution in Soils - Geostatic stress, Boussinesq’s theory with assumptions for point load and circular load (with numerical), Pressure Distribution diagram on a horizontal and vertical plane, Pressure bulb and its significance. Westergaard’s theory, equivalent point load method. Approximate stress distribution method. (Chapter - 3) Unit IV Shear Strength of Soil a) Introduction - Shear strength an Engineering Property. Mohr’s stress circle, Mohr - Coulomb failure theory. The effective stress principle - Total stress, effective stress and neutral stress / pore water pressure. [Peak and Residual shear strength], {factors affecting shear strength.} (Stress-strain behaviour of sands and clays.) b) Measurement of Shear Strength - Direct Shear test, Triaxial Compression test, Unconfined Compression test, Vane Shear test. Their suitability for different types of soils, advantages and disadvantages. Different drainage conditions for shear tests. (Sensitivity and thixotropi of cohesive soils.) (Chapter - 4) Unit V Earth Pressure a) Earth Pressure - Introduction, Rankine’s state of Plastic Equilibrium in soils - Active and Passive states due to wall movement, Earth Pressure at rest. [Rankine’s Theory : Earth pressure on Retaining wall due to submerged backfill.] b) Backfill with uniform surcharge, backfill with sloping surface, layered backfill. (Coulomb’s Wedge theory. Rebhann’s and Culmann’s graphical method of determination of earth pressure.) (Chapter - 5) Unit VI Stability of Slopes a) Stability of Slopes - Classification of slopes and their modes of failure, Stability of slope : i) Taylor’s stability number, ii) Swedish slip circle method, iii) Friction circle method, iv) Bishop’s method. (Infinite Slopes in cohesive and cohesion less soil,) {Landslides - Causes and remedial measures.} (Chapter - 6)
