Unit 01 : Transformers : Single phase Transformer : Concept of ideal transformer. Corrugated core transformer. Toroidal core Transformer, Useful and leakage flux, its effects. Resistance, leakage reactance and leakage impedance of transformer windings & their effects on voltage regulation and efficiency. Exact and approximate equivalent circuits referred to L. V. and H. V. side of the transformer. Phasor diagrams for no - load and on load conditions. Transformer ratings. Losses in a transformer, their variation with load, voltage & Frequency on no load losses Efficiency and condition for maximum efficiency. All day Efficiency. Auto transformers, their ratings and applications. Comparison with two winding transformers with respect to saving of copper and size. (Chapter - 1) Unit 2 : Transformers : Polarity test. Parallel operation of single phase transformers, conditions to be satisfied, load sharing under various conditions and Welding Transformer. Three Phase Transformers : Standard connections of three phase transformers and their suitability for various applications, voltage phasor diagrams and vector groups. Descriptive treatment of parallel operation of three phase transformers Scott connection and V connections. Three winding (tertiary windings) transformers. (Chapter - 2) Unit 03 : D.C. Machines (Part - 1) : Construction, main parts, magnetic circuits, poles, yoke, field winding, armature core, Armature windings : Simple lap and wave winding, commutator and brush assembly. Generating action, E.M.F equation, magnetization curve, Flashing of Generator. Motoring action. Types of DC motors, significance of back E.M.F, torque equation, working at no-load and on-load. Losses, power flow diagram and efficiency. Descriptive treatment of armature reaction. (Chapter - 3) Unit 04 : D.C. Machines (Part - 2) : Characteristics and applications of D.C. Shunt and Series Motors, Starting of DC motors, study of starters for series and shunt motor, solid state starters, speed control of various types of DC motors. Commutation : Process of commutation, time of commutation, reactance voltage, different form of commutations, Causes of bad commutation and it's remedies (Descriptive treatment only) (Chapter - 4) Unit 05 : Three Phase Induction Motor : Construction : Stator, Squirrel cage & wound rotors. Production of rotating mmf. Principle of working, simplified theory with constant air gap flux; slip, frequency of rotor emf and rotor currents, mmf produced by rotor currents, its speed w.r.t. rotor and stator mmf. Production of torque, torque-slip relation, condition for maximum torque, torque-slip Characteristics, effect of rotor resistance on torque-slip characteristics. Relation between starting torque, full load torque and maximum torque. Losses in three phase induction motor, power-flow diagram, Relation between rotor input power, rotor copper loss & gross mechanical power developed, efficiency. (Chapter - 5) Unit 06 : Three Phase Induction Motor : Induction motor as a generalized transformer; phasor diagram. Exact & approximate equivalent circuit. No load and blocked rotor tests to determine the equivalent circuit parameters and plotting the circle diagram. Computation of performance characteristics from the equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Performance curves. Necessity of starter for 3-phase induction motors. Starters for slip-ring and cage rotor induction motors, comparison of various starters. Testing of three phase induction motor as per IS 325 & IS 4029. (Chapter - 6)
