UNIT- 1 Performance ofLines: Representation of lines, short transmission lines, medium length lines, nominal Τ and ΡΙ - representations, long transmission lines. The equivalent circuit representation of a long Line, Α, Β, C, D constants, Feπanti Effect, Power flow through a transmission line, receiving end power circle diagram. (Chapter - 1) UNIT- 11 Voltage Control : Introduction - methods of voltage control, shunt and series capacitors / Inductors, tap changing transformers, synchronous phase modifiers. Compensation In Power Systems : lntroduction - Concepts of Load compensation - Load ability characteristics of overhead lines - Uncompensated transmission line - Symmetrical line - Radial line with asynchronous load - Compensation of lines. (Chapter - 2) UNIT- 111 Per Unit Representation of Power Systems : The one-line diagram, impedance and reactance diagrams, per unit quantities, changing the base of per unit quantities, advantages of per unit system. Travelling Waves on Transmission Lines : Production of travelling waves, open circuited line, short circuited line, line terminated through a resistance, line connected to a cable, reflection and refraction at T-junction line terminated through a capacitance, capacitor connection at a T-junction, Attenuation of travelling waves. (Chapters - 3, 4) UNIT-IV Overvoltage Protection and lnsulation Coordination : Over voltage due to arcing ground and Peterson coil, lightning, horn gaps, surge diverters, rod gaps, expulsion type lightning aπester, valve type lightning aπester, ground wires, ground rods, counterpoise, surge absorbers, insulation coordination, volt-time curves. (Chapter - 5) UNIT-V Symmetrical Components and Fault Calculations : Significance of positive, negative and zero sequence components, Average 3-phase power in terms of symmetrical components, sequence impedances and sequence networks, fault calculations, sequence network equations, single line to ground fault, line to line fault, double line to ground fault, three phase fault, faults οη power systems, faults with fault impedance, reactors and their location, short circuit capacity of a bus. (Chapter - 6)