UNIT - I Load Flow Studies Introduction, Bus classification -Nodal admittance matrix - Load flow equations - Iterative methods - Gauss and Gauss Seidel Methods, Newton-Raphson Method-Fast Decoupled method-Merits and demerits of the above methods-System data for load flow study. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II Economic Operation of Power Systems Distribution of load between units within a plant-Transmission loss as a function of plant generation, Calculation of loss coefficients-Distribution of load between plants. (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III Load Frequency Control Introduction, load frequency problem-Megawatt frequency (or P-f) control channel, MVAR voltages (or Q-V) control channel-Dynamic interaction between P-f and Q-V loops. Mathematical model of speed governing system-Turbine models, division of power system into control areas, P-f control of single control area (the uncontrolled and controlled cases)-P-f control of two area systems (the uncontrolled cases and controlled cases). (Chapter - 3) UNIT - IV Power System Stability The stability problem-Steady state stability, transient stability and Dynamic stability-Swing equation. Equal area criterion of stability-Applications of Equal area criterion, Step by step solution of swing equation-Factors affecting transient stability, Methods to improve steady state and Transient stability, Introduction to voltage stability. (Chapter - 4) UNIT - V Computer Control of Power Systems Need of computer control of power systems. Concept of energy control centre (or) load dispatch centre and the functions - system monitoring - data acquisition and control. System hardware configuration - SCADA and EMS functions. Network topology – Importance of Load Forecasting and simple techniques of forecasting. (Chapter - 5)
