Unit - I Introduction to Control Problem : Industrial Control examples. Mathematical models of physical systems. Control hardware and their models. Transfer function models of linear time-invariant systems. Feedback Control : Open-Loop and Closed-loop systems. Benefits of Feedback. Block diagram algebra. (Chapter - 1) Unit - II Time Response Analysis of Standard Test Signals : Time response of first and second order systems for standard test inputs. Application of initial and final value theorem. Design specifications for second order systems based on the time-response. Concept of Stability. Routh-Hurwitz Criteria. Relative Stability analysis. Root-Locus technique. Construction of Root-loci. (Chapter - 2) Unit - III Frequency-Response Analysis : Relationship between time and frequency response, Polar plots, Bode plots. Nyquist stability criterion. Relative stability using Nyquist criterion - gain and phase margin. Closed-loop frequency response. (Chapter - 3) Unit -IV Introduction to Controller Design : Stability, steady-state accuracy, transient accuracy, disturbance rejection, insensitivity and robustness of control systems. Root-loci method of feedback controller design. Design specifications in frequency-domain. Frequency-domain methods of design. Application of Proportional, Integral and Derivative Controllers, Lead and Lag compensation in designs. Analog and Digital implementation of controllers. (Chapter - 4) Unit -V State Variable Analysis and Concepts of State Variables : State space model. Diagonalization of State Matrix. Solution of state equations. Eigen values and Stability Analysis. Concept of controllability and observability. Pole-placement by state feedback. Discrete-time systems. Difference Equations. State-space models of linear discrete-time systems. Stability of linear discrete-time systems. (Chapter - 5)
