UNIT - I Fluid Statics : Dimensions and units : physical properties of fluids - specific gravity, viscosity, and surface tension - vapour pressure and their influence on fluid motion - atmospheric, gauge and vacuum pressures - measurement of pressure - Piezometer, U-tube and differential manometers. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II Fluid Kinematics : Stream line, path line and streak lines and stream tube, classification of flows - steady and unsteady, uniform and non-uniform, laminar and turbulent, rotational & irrotational flows - equation of continuity for one dimensional flow and three-dimensional flows. Fluid Dynamics : Surface and body forces - Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations for flow along a stream line, momentum equation and its application on force on pipe bend. (Chapters - 2, 3) UNIT - III Boundary Layer Concepts : Definition, thicknesses, characteristics along thin plate, laminar and turbulent boundary layers (No derivation) boundary layer in transition, separation of boundary layer, submerged objects - drag and lift. Closed Conduit Flow : Reynold’s experiment - Darcy Weisbach equation - Minor losses in pipes - pipes in series and pipes in parallel - total energy line-hydraulic gradient line. Measurement of flow : Pitot tube, venturi meter, and orifice meter, Flow nozzle (Chapters - 4, 5) UNIT - IV Basics of Turbo Machinery : Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, and curved vanes, jet striking centrally and at tip, velocity diagrams, work done and efficiency, flow over radial vanes. Hydraulic Turbines : Classification of turbines, Heads and efficiencies, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies, hydraulic design - draft tube theory - functions and efficiency. UNIT - V Centrifugal pumps
