UNIT - I I.C. Engines : Classification - Working principles of Four & Two stroke engine, SI & CI engines, Valve and Port Timing Diagrams, Air - Standard, air-fuel and actual cycles - Engine systems - Carburetor and Fuel Injection Systems for SI engines, Fuel injection systems for CI engines, Ignition, Cooling and Lubrication system, Fuel properties and Combustion Stoichiometry. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II Normal Combustion and abnormal combustion in SI engines - Importance of flame speed and effect of engine variables - Abnormal combustion, pre - ignition and knocking in SI Engines - Fuel requirements and fuel rating, anti knock additives - combustion chamber - requirements, types of SI engines. Four stages of combustion in CI engines - Delay period and its importance - Effect of engine variables - Diesel Knock - Need for air movement, suction, compression and combustion induced turbulence in Diesel engine - open and divided combustion chambers and fuel injection - Diesel fuel requirements and fuel rating . (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III Testing and Performance : Parameters of performance - measurement of cylinder pressure, fuel consumption, air intake, exhaust gas composition, Brake power - Determination of frictional losses and indicated power - Performance test - Heat balance sheet and chart-Classification of compressors - Fans, blowers and compressors - positive displacement and dynamic types - reciprocating and rotary types. Reciprocating Compressors : Principle of operation, work required, Isothermal efficiency volumetric efficiency and effect of clearance volume, staged compression, under cooling, saving of work, minimum work condition for staged compression. (Chapter - 3) UNIT - IV Rotary Compressor (Positive displacement type) : Roots Blower, vane sealed compressor, Lysholm compressor - mechanical details and principle of working - efficiency considerations. Dynamic Compressors : UNIT - V Gas Turbines
