UNIT - I Operating System - Introduction, Structures - Simple Batch, Multiprogrammed, Time-shared, Personal Computer, Parallel, Distributed Systems, Real-Time Systems, System components, Operating System services, System Calls. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II Process and CPU Scheduling - Process concepts and scheduling, Operations on processes, Cooperating Processes, Threads, and Interposes Communication, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms, Multiple - Processor Scheduling. System call interface for process management-fork, exit, wait, waitpid, exec. (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III Deadlocks - System Model, Deadlocks Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection, and Recovery from Deadlock. Process Management and Synchronization - The Critical Section Problem, Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores, and Classical Problems of Synchronization, Critical Regions, Monitors. Interprocess Communication Mechanisms : IPC between processes on a single computer system, IPC between processes on different systems, using pipes, FIFOs, message queues, shared memory. (Chapters - 3,4) UNIT - IV Memory Management and Virtual Memory - Logical versus Physical Address Space, Swapping, Contiguous Allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Segmentation with Paging, Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Page Replacement Algorithms. (Chapter - 5) UNIT - V File System Interface and Operations - Access methods, Directory Structure, Protection, File System Structure, Allocation methods, Free-space Management. Usage of open, create, read, write, close, lseek, stat, ioctl system calls. (Chapter - 6)
