Unit 01 : Electric Heating Modes of heat transfer, mathematical expressions Electric heating : Introduction to electric heating, Advantages of electrical heating. Heating methods : Resistance heating - Direct resistance heating, indirect resistance heating, electric ovens, different types of heating element materials, temperature control of resistance furnaces, and design of heating element (Numerical). Applications of resistance heating Induction heating : Principle, core type and coreless induction furnaces, Ajax Wyatt furnace, Numerical on melting furnaces Applications of induction heating. Electric arc heating : Direct and indirect arc heating, types of arc furnaces, equivalent circuit of arc furnace, condition for maximum output, power factor at maximum output (Numerical), Heat control in arc furnace, Applications of arc heating. Dielectric heating : Principle, choice of voltage and frequency for dielectric heating (Numerical), Applications of dielectric heating. Electric Welding -Welding methods-Electric arc welding and resistance welding, Equivalent circuit of arc furnace (Numerical) Modern welding techniques like ultrasonic welding and laser welding. Unit 02 : Electrochemical Process Need of electro-deposition. Applications of Faraday’s laws in electro-deposition. Factors governing electro-deposition. Objectives of electroplating. Equipments and accessories for electroplating plant, Electroplating on non-conducting materials, Principle of anodizing and its applications. Electrical Circuits Used in Refrigeration, Air Conditioning Brief description of vapour compression refrigeration cycle. Description of electrical circuits used in Refrigerator, Air Conditioner. Unit 03 : Illumination Definitions of luminous flux, solid angle, luminous intensity, illumination, luminous efficacy, depreciation factor, coefficient of utilization, space to height ratio, reflection factor; Laws of illumination. Design of illumination schemes - Factors to be considered for design of illumination scheme, Calculation of illumination at different points, considerations involved in simple design problems for indoor installation, illumination schemes, standard illumination level. Natural day light illumination (brief information). Different sources of light : Incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, comparison between them. Incandescent and discharge lamps - their construction and characteristics; mercury vapour lamp, sodium lamp, halogen lamp, compact fluorescent lamp, metal halide lamp, neon lamps Electroluminescent lamp-LEDs, types, LASERs Comparison of all above luminaries. Unit 04 : Electric Traction History of Indian railways. Traction systems - Steam engine drive, electric drive, diesel electric drive, types of diesel locomotives, Advantages of electric traction, Brief treatment to - Indian railway engine coding terminology, WDM, WDP, WDG series and their capacity. Introduction to metro system, mono rail system. Systems of track electrification : D.C. system, single phase low frequency A.C. system, 3 phase low frequency A.C. systems, composite systems - kando systems, single phase A.C. to D.C. system Different accessories for track electrification - overhead wires, conductor rail system, current collector-pentograph, catenary. Electric locomotive - Block diagram with description of various equipment and accessories. Supply system constituents - Layout and description of -Traction substation, feeding post(25 kV), feeding and sectioning arrangement, sectioning and paralleling post, neutral section. Details of major equipment in traction substation - transformer, circuit breaker, interrupter. Unit 05 : Traction Mechanics Types of services - Urban, Sub-urban, Main line Speed time curves, trapezoidal and quadrilateral speed-time curves, average and schedule speed (Numerical), Tractive effort. Specific energy consumption. Factors affecting specific energy consumption (Numerical), Mechanics of train movement, coefficient of adhesion (Numerical). Unit 06 : Traction Motors, Control of Traction Motors, Train Lighting Desirable characteristic of traction motors. Suitability of D.C. series motor, A.C. series motor, 3 phase induction motor and linear induction motor for traction. Control of traction motors - Series - parallel control, Shunt and bridge transition (Numerical), Electrical breaking, Regenerative breaking in traction, Suitability of different motors for braking. Train lighting system. Railway signalling : History, necessity, block system route relay interlock and necessity. Metro signalling, Electromechanical system for route relay interlock. Introduction to train tracking system, types. Anti-collision system-brief treatment only.
