Syllabus Thermodynamics - (2403113/2043113/2393113) Theory Term work Pract / Oral Total Internal Assessment End Sem Exam Exam Duration (in Hrs) Test 1 Test 2 Total 20 20 40 60 2 - - - - 100 Sr. No. Name of Module Detailed Content 0 Prerequisite : Thermodynamics system and types, Microscopic and Macroscopic approach, System, Boundary and Surrounding, Thermodynamic properties, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, First law of thermodynamics, Internal Energy, Concept of Enthalpy and Entropy. (Chapter - 1) I. Basic Concepts : Introduction and Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics : Thermodynamic state, path, process and cycle, Point and Path functions, Quasi-static process & Equilibrium, Characteristic gas equation, Heat and Work. Concept of PdV work. First Law of Thermodynamics : Statement & Equation, First law for Cyclic process (Joule’s experiment), Perpetual Motion Machine of the First Kind, Application of first law to non-flow systems (Ideal gas processes with numerical). First law applied to flow system : Concept of flow process and flow energy, Concept of the steady flow process, Energy balance in a steady flow, Application of steady flow energy equation to nozzle, turbine, compressor, pump, boiler, condenser, heat exchanger, throttling device. Steady flow work, Significance of – VdP work, Relation between flow and non-flow work. (Chapter - 1) II. Second Law of Thermodynamics : Second Law of Thermodynamics : Limitation of the first law of thermodynamics, Thermal reservoir, Concept of heat engine, Heat pump and Refrigerator, Statement of the second law of thermodynamics, Reversible and irreversible Process, Causes of irreversibility, Perpetual Motion Machine of the second kind, Carnot cycle, Carnot theorem. Entropy : Clausius theorem, Entropy is property of a system, Temperature-Entropy diagram, Clausius inequality, Increase of entropy principle, T ds relations, Entropy change During a process. (Chapter - 2) III. Availability : Availability : High grade and low - grade energy, Available and Unavailable energy, Dead State, Useful work, Irreversibility, Availability of closed system & steady flow process, Helmholtz & Gibbs function (Only Theory). Thermodynamic Relations : Maxwell relations, Clausius-Clapeyron Equation, Mayer relation, Joule-Thomson coefficient (Only Theory) (Chapter - 3) IV. Properties of Pure Substance : Properties of Pure Substance : Advantages and applications of steam, Phase change process of water, Saturation pressure and temperature, Terminology associated with steam, Different types of steam. Property diagram : T-v diagram, p-v diagram, p-T diagram, Critical and triple point, T-s and an h-s diagram for water, Calculation of various properties of wet, dry and superheated steam using the steam table and Mollier chart. Vapour Power cycle : Principal components of a simple steam power plant, Carnot cycle and its limitations as a vapour cycle, Rankine cycle with different turbine inlet conditions, Mean temperature of heat addition, Reheat Rankine Cycle. (Chapter - 4) V. Gas Power cycles : Gas Power cycles : Nomenclature of a reciprocating engine, Mean effective pressure, Assumptions for Air Standard Cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel Cycle and Dual cycle, Comparison of Otto and Diesel cycle for same compression ratio, Brayton Cycle. Sterling Cycle, Ericsson Cycle, Lenoir cycle and Atkinson cycle (Only theory). (Chapter - 5) VI. Compressible Fluid flow : Reactive Systems Compressible Fluid flow : Propagation of sound waves through compressible fluids, Sonic velocity and Mach number; Stagnation properties, Application of continuity, momentum and energy equations for steady-state conditions; Steady flow through the nozzle, Isentropic flow through ducts of varying cross-sectional area, Effect of varying back pressure on nozzle performance, Critical pressure ratio (Only Theory). Reactive Systems : Combustion, theoretical and actual combustion processes, enthalpy of formation and enthalpy of combustion, Adiabatic flame temperature, first law analysis of reactive system (Only Theory). (Chapter - 6)
