Syllabus Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II UNIT - I • Metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. (Chapter - 1) b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of Biogenetic studies. (Chapter - 2) UNIT-II • General introduction, composition, chemistry and chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary metabolites : • Alkaloids : Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium. (Chapter - 3) • Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids : Lignans, Tea, Ruta. (Chapter - 4) • Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides and Triterpenoids : Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis. (Chapter - 5) • Volatile oils : Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander. (Chapter - 6) • Tannins : Catechu, Pterocarpus. (Chapter - 7) • Resins : Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony. (Chapter - 8) • Glycosides : Senna, Aloes, Bitter Almond. (Chapter - 9) • Iridoids, Other terpenoids and Naphthaquinones : Gentian, Artemisia, taxus, carotenoids. (Chapter - 10) UNIT- III • Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents a) Terpenoids : Menthol, Citral, Artemisin b) Glycosides : Glycyrhetinic acid and Rutin c) Alkaloids : Atropine,Quinine,Reserpine,Caffeine d) Resins : Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin (Chapter - 11) UNIT-IV • Industrial production, estimation and utilization of the following phytoconstituents : Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine. (Chapter - 12) UNIT- V • Basics of Phytochemistry : Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like Spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude drugs. (Chapter - 13)
