Syllabus Hydrology and Water Resource Engineering - (301001) Credit Examination Scheme 03 In semester exam : 30 Marks End semester exam : 70 Marks Unit I : Introduction to Hydrology Introduction : Hydrological cycle, applications of hydrology, brief introduction of government organizations like IMD, CWPRS, MERI, CDO, Hydrology Project Division, NIH, CWC. Precipitation : Types & forms of precipitation, precipitation measurement, rain gauge network, introduction to real time data transmission weather station and climate change. Consistency test, presentation of rainfall data, mass rainfall curves, hyetograph, point rainfall, mean precipitation over an area, arithmetic mean method, Thiessen’s polygon, isohyetel method, concepts of depth-area-duration analysis, frequency analysis, frequency of point rainfall, intensity-duration curves, maximum intensity-duration. Abstractions of precipitation: interception, depression storage, evaporation- elementary concepts, factors affecting, measurement of evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration, modified Penman method,- process and measurement, infiltration: introduction, infiltration capacity, infiltrometer, Horton’s method and infiltration indices. (Chapter - 1) Unit II : Run Off Introduction, factors affecting runoff, rainfall-runoff relationships and empirical techniques to determine runoff, Runoff hydrograph : Introduction, factors affecting flood hydrograph, components of hydrograph, base flow separation, effective rainfall, unit hydrograph theory, S-curve hydrograph, uses and limitations of unit hydrograph, synthetic hydrograph (no numerical on synthetic hydrograph). Stream gauging: selection of site, discharge measurement by velocity-area method, introduction to advance techniques/equipment used in gauge discharge measurements such as radar, current meter, ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler). (Chapter - 2) Unit III : Floods Floods : Estimation of peak flow, rational formula and other methods, flood frequency analysis, design floods, brief introduction of hydrologic design of culverts and bridges. Hydrologic flood routing: Muskingum method, Q-GIS software application in hydrology (watershed delineation). (Chapter - 3) Unit IV : Reservoir Planning Introduction, term related to reservoir planning (yield, reservoir planning and operation curves, reservoir storage, reservoir clearance), investigation for reservoir planning, significance of mass curve and demand curves, applications of mass curve and demand curves, fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, fixation of reservoir capacity using elevation capacity curve and dependable yield, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation- Phenomenon, measures to control reservoir sedimentation, density currents Significance of trap efficiency, useful life of reservoir, costs of reservoir, apportionment of total cost, use of facilities method, equal apportionment method, alternative justifiable expenditure method. (no numerical on cost-economics). (Chapter - 4) Unit V : Ground Water Hydrology Occurrence and distribution of ground water, specific yield of aquifers, movement of ground water, Darcy’s law, permeability, safe yield of basin, hydraulics of wells under steady flow condition in confined and unconfined aquifers, specific capacity of well, tube wells, open wells and their construction. Water logging and Drainage: Causes of water logging, effects of water logging, preventive and curative measures of water logging, land drainage, reclamation of water logged areas, alkaline and saline lands (no derivation of on spacing of drains), Water Management: Distribution, warabandi, rotational water supply system, participatory irrigation management, co-operative water distribution systems. (Chapter - 5) Unit VI : Introduction to Irrigation Definition, functions, advantages and necessity, methods of irrigation, surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, micro-irrigation, Water requirements of crops: Soil moisture and crop water relationship, consumptive use of water, principal Indian crops, crop seasons, crop water requirement: crop planning, agricultural practices, calculations of canal and reservoir capacities – duty, delta, irrigation efficiency, Piped distribution network for irrigation (PDN), Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of PDN over conventional canal distribution network and its application. Assessment of canal revenue : Various methods (area basis or crop rate basis, volumetric basis, seasonal basis, composite rate basis, permanent basis or betterment levy basis). (Chapter - 6)
