Unit I Introduction to Arduino Introduction to microcontroller and microprocessors, role of embedded systems, open source embedded platforms, Introduction to Arduino IDE- features, IDE overview, Programming concepts: variables, functions, conditional statements, Concept of GPIO in Atmega328 based Arduino board, digital input and output. (Chapter - 1) Unit II Peripheral Interface Interfacing of Atmega328 based Arduino board with LED and LCD/serial monitor, serial communication using Arduino IDE, Concept of ADC in Atmega328 based Arduino board, interfacing of Atmega328 based Arduino board with temperature sensor (LM35), LVDT, strain gauge. (Chapter - 2) Unit III DC Machines Generating and motoring action, Constructional features of a DC machine, EMF equation of DC machine and its significance in motor. Concept of torque developed by motor and it’s equation, Concept of load torque, Types of loads and dynamics of motor and load combination, Characteristics of DC shunt motor, Speed control methods of DC shunt motor, Reversal of direction of rotation of DC motor, Braking in DC motor and its types, Regenerative braking in DC shunt motor. (Chapter - 3) Unit IV Three Phase Induction Motors Constructional features, working principle of three phase induction motor, types, torque equation, torque-slip characteristics, effect of rotor resistance on characteristics, modification in squirrel cage motor with deep bar rotor construction. Power stages, efficiency, starters (DOL starter and Star Delta starter), Methods of speed control- voltage and frequency control, variable frequency drive, applications. (Chapter - 4) Unit V Electric Vehicle (EV) Technology Brief history of Electric Vehicle (EV), Components of EV, Benefits of EV. Types of EVs such as Battery EV, Hybrid EV, Plug-in EV, Fuel Cell EV and their comparison, Challenges faced by EV technology. Subsystems and configurations of EV, Subsystems of Hybrid EV, Configurations of series, parallel and series-parallel Hybrid EV.Impact of EV on grid, Vehicle to grid technology- block diagram (Chapter - 5) Unit VI Energy Storage Devices and Electric Drives Storage Devices : Cell construction and working of batteries like Lithium- Iron Phosphate (LFP), Lithium Nickel- Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) and Lithium- Manganese Oxide (LMO), Voltage, Impedance, Ah and Wh Capacity, Cycle Life, Energy density, Power, C-rate and safety aspects.Use of supercapacitor and hydrogen fuel cell in EVs- necessity, advantages and specifications Factors used in selection of energy storage device in case of EVs, Vehicle Battery Management System - block diagram.Electric Drives : Factors used for selection of the electric motor in EVs, BLDC hub motor drive for EVs, characteristics and speed control of BLDC motor, three phase induction motor drive for EVs (Chapter - 6)
