Unit I Energy Resources - Planning and Potential : Power resources - Conventional and Nonconventional, Need and advantages, Overview of World Energy Scenario, energy and development linkage, Environmental Impacts of energy use, Green House Effect, Trends in energy use patterns in India, Hydropower development in India, Hydropower potential basin wise and region wise, investigation in hydropower plants. (Chapter - 1) Unit II Hydropower Plants : Hydrological Analysis, Classification of hydropower plants based on hydraulic characteristics - Run of river plants, Storage or Valley dam plants, Pumped storage plants, Classification based on head, Classification based on operating function, Classification based on plant capacity, Classification based on nature of topography, Introduction to micro hydro, advantages and disadvantages, Principle Components of hydropower plants. (Chapter - 2) Unit III Load Assessment : Estimation of electrical load on turbines. Load factor, Plant factor, peak demand and utilization factor, installed capacity, diversity factor, firm power, secondary power, load curve, load duration curve, Prediction of load and significance, Tariffs, Hydro-Thermal Mix, Combined Efficiency of Hydro-Thermal-Nuclear Power Plants. (Chapter - 3) Unit IV Water Conductor System and Powerhouse : Water Conductor System - Alignment, Intake Structures - Location and Types, Trash Rack. Headrace tunnel/ Canal, Penstock and pressure shaft, Types of Powerhouses, Typical layout of powerhouse, Components, Power plant equipments, Instrumentation and control. (Chapter - 4) Unit V Turbines : Classification, Principles and design of impulse and reaction turbines, Selection of Turbine, Specific Speed, Governing of turbines, Water hammer, Hydraulic Transients and Surge tanks, Draft tubes, Cavitation. (Chapter - 5) Unit VI Economics of Hydroelectric Power : Hydropower - Economic Value and Cost and Total Annual Cost. Economic considerations - pricing of electricity, laws and regulatory aspects, Policies, Electricity act - 2003, Investment in the power sector, Carbon credits, Participation of private sector. (Chapter - 6)
