Unit - l : Introduction to Hydrology : Hydrological cycle, Application of hydrology Precipitation : Types of precipitation, measurement, Rain gauge network, Preparation of data-estimation of missing data, Consistency test, Presentation of rainfall data-mass rainfall curves, Hyetograph, Point rainfall, Moving average, Mean precipitation over an area- arithmetic mean method, Thiessen’s polygon, isohyetel method, Concepts of depth-area-duration analysis, Frequency analysis-frequency of point rainfall and plotting position, Intensity-duration curves, Maximum Intensity duration-frequency analysis Abstractions of Precipitation : Intersection, Depression storage, Evaporation- Elementary concepts, factors affecting, Measurement of evaporation, Transpiration, Evapotranspiration-process and measurement, Infiltration - introduction, Infiltration capacity, Infiltrometer, Horton’s method and infiltration indices Stream Gauging : Selection of site, various methods of discharge measurement (velocity-area method, dilution method, slope-area method), Advance techniques/equipments used in gauge discharge measurements such as Radar, Current meter, ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) (Chapter - 1) Unit - II : Introduction to Irrigation : Definition, Functions, Advantages and Necessity, Methods of Irrigation, Surface Irrigation, Subsurface Irrigation, Micro-Irrigation Water Requirements of Crops : Soil moisture and Crop water relationship, Factors governing Consumptive use of water, Principal. Indian crops, their season and water requirement, Crop planning, Agricultural practices, calculations of canal and reservoir capacities-duty, delta, irrigation efficiency Assessment of Canal Revenue : Various methods (Area basis or crop rate basis, volumetric basis, seasonal basis, composite rate basis, permanent basis or betterment levy basis) (Chapter - 2) Unit - III : Ground Water Hydrology : Occurrences and distribution of ground water, Specific yield of aquifers, Movement of ground water, Darcy’s law, Permeability, Safe yield of basin, Hydraulics of wells under steady flow condition in confined and unconfined aquifers, Specific capacity of well, Well Irrigation : Tube wells, Open wells and their construction (Chapter - 3) Unit - IV : Runoff : Introduction, Factors affecting runoff, Rainfall-Runoff relationships, Empirical Techniques to determine runoff, Runoff hydrograph- Introduction, Factors affecting Flood Hydrograph, Components of Hydrograph, Base flow separation, Effective rainfall. Unit hydrograph theory, S-curve hydrograph, uses and limitations of Unit Hydrograph Floods : Estimation of peak flow, Rational formula and other methods, Flood frequency analysis, Gumbel’s method, Design floods (Chapter - 4) Unit - V Reservoir Planning : Introduction, Term related to reservoir planning (Yield, Reservoir planning and operation curves, Reservoir storage, Reservoir clearance), Investigation for reservoir planning, Significance of mass curve and demand curves, Applications of mass curve and demand curves, Fixation of reservoir capacity from annual inflow and outflow, Fixation of reservoir capacity using elevation capacity curve and dependable yield, Reservoir regulation, Flood routing- Graphical or I.S.D method, Trial and error method, Reservoir losses, Reservoir sedimentation - Phenomenon, Measures to control reservoir sedimentation, Density currents Significance of trap efficiency, Useful life of reservoir, Costs of reservoir, Apportionment of total cost, Use of facilities method, Equal apportionment method, Alternative justifiable expenditure method (Chapter - 5) Unit - VI : Water Management : Distribution, Warabandi, Rotational water supply system, Participatory Irrigation Management, Cooperative water distribution systems, Introduction to auto weather station Water Logging and Drainage : The process of water logging, Causes of water logging, Effects of water logging, preventive and curative measures, Land drainage, Reclamation of water logged areas, Alkaline and saline lands. (Chapter - 6)
