Unit 1 : Microwave Devices Microwave signal : Definition, Frequency bands, Advantages and applications. Waveguides : Need and types, Energy coupling methods : Probe, Loop and Aperture coupling. Definition of TE and TM modes. Dominant mode for rectangular and circular waveguides. Microwave semiconductor devices - Construction and applications of : IMPATT and TRAPATT. Microwave tube devices - Construction, Working, Performance and applications : Two cavity klystron, Reflex klystron, Magnetron and Travelling Wave Tube (TWT). Unit 2 : Radar Principles and Applications Radar : Introduction and applications. Definitions : PRF, PRI, Average power, Peak power and duty cycle. Radar range equation and factors influencing the radar range. Pulsed radar system - Principle and block diagram. Modulator - Line type, Duplexer - Branch type. Displays : A-scope and PPI. Antenna scanning : Horizontal, Vertical, Nodding and spiral. Tracking : Sequential lobing, Conical scan and monopulse. Special purpose radars - MTI radar, CW doppler radar, FM-CW radar. Radar beacons, Aircraft landing system : GCA and ILS. Unit 3 : Satellite Fundamentals Definition of satellite, Satellite orbits, Kepler's laws (only statements), Apogee and Perigee, Azimuth and elevation angles, Subsatellite point, Subsatellite path, Ascending and descending nodes, Posigrade and retrograde orbits, Uplink and downlink, Orbital period and radius of geosynchronous satellite, Satellite eclipse, Polar and geostationary satellites - Advantages and disadvantages. LEO, MEO and GEO satellites. Station keeping, Attitude control and thermal control. Unit 4 : Satellite Communication System Satellite communication system - Block diagram, Transponder - Single conversion, Double conversion, Regenerative transponder. Satellite frequency allocation and satellite bandwidth. Increasing channel capacity - Frequency reuse and spatial isolation. General block diagram of communication satellite, Satellite subsystems - Classification. Power subsystem, TT&C subsystem. Applications payload. Earth station - Block diagram. Unit 5 : Satellite Applications Global Positioning System (GPS). Satellite for televison applications : Direct-To-Home (DTH) and cable TV. Voice and data communication, Earth observation (Remote sensing) applications, Military applications, Introduction to VSAT. Unit 6 : Mobile and Wireless Communications Mobile communication : Principle of digital telephony Features of 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G cellular networks, Cellular concept, Frequency reuse, Capacity expansion techniques - Cell splitting and cell sectoring, Working of a typical cellular system. GSM services and features, GSM system architecture, CDMA 2000 system - Services and features. LTE services and features. Handoff strategies. Wireless communication : Bluetooth-components, Stack, Links and channels, Bluetooth networking, Bluetooth connections, Transmissions characteristics, Applications, Features and applications of Wi-Fi, Hot-spot. ZIGBEE : Stack, Zigbee addressing - Messaging, Broadcast addressing, Group addressing, Zigbee network topologies, Applications of Zigbee.
