UNIT-1 Basic Structure of Computers : Computer Types, Functional UNIT, Basic OPERATIONAL Concepts, Bus Structures, Software, Performance, Multiprocessors and Multi Computers, Data Representation, Fixed Point Representation, Floating - Point Representation. Register Transfer Language and Micro Operations : Register Transfer Language, Register Transfer Bus and Memory Transfers, Arithmetic Micro Operations, Logic Micro Operations, Shift Micro Operations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit, Instruction Codes, Computer Registers Computer Instructions - Instruction Cycle. Memory - Reference Instructions, Input - Output and Interrupt, STACK Organization, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, DATA Transfer and Manipulation, Program Control, Reduced Instruction Set Computer. (Chapters - 1, 2) UNIT-11 Micro Programmed Control: Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Microprogram Examples, Design of Control Unit, Hard Wired Control, Microprogrammed Control. The Memory System : Basic Concepts of Semiconductor RAM Memories, Read-Only Memories, Cache Memories Performance Considerations, Virtual Memories, Secondary Storage, Introduction to RAID. (Chapters - 3, 4) UNIT-111 Input-Output Organization : Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous Data Transfer Modes, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access, Input - Output Processor (ΙΟΡ), Serial Communication; Introduction to Peripheral Components, Interconnect (PCI) Bus, Introduction to Standard Serial Communication Protocols like RS232, USB, ΙΕΕΕ1394. (Chapter - 5) UNIT-IV Operating Systems Overview : Overview of Computer Operating Systems Functions, Protection and Security, Distributed Systems, Special Purpose Systems, Operating Systems Structures-Operating System Services and Systems Calls, System Programs, Operating Systems Generation. Memory Management : Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Structure of The Page Table, Segmentation, Virtual Memory, Demand Paging, Page-Replacement Algorithms, Allocation ofFrames, Thrashing Case Studies - UNIX, Linux, Windows Principles of Deadlock : System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Deadlock Prevention, Detection and Avoidance, Recovery from Deadlock. (Chapters - 6, 7, 8) UNIT-V File System lnterface : The Concept of a File, Access Methods, Directory Structure, File System Mounting, File Sharing, Protection. File System Implementation : File System Structure, File System Implementation, Directory Implementation, Allocation Methods, Free-Space Management. (Chapters - 9, 10)
