UNIT - I Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy : History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia. (Chapter - 1) Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions (Chapter - 2) Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and Errors in prescription. (Chapter - 3) Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations based on age, body weight and body surface area. (Chapter - 4) UNIT - II Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures – Imperial and Metric system, Calculations involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular weight. (Chapter - 5) Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages, Simple and compound powders – official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent, efflorescent and hygroscopic powders, eutectic mixtures. Geometric dilutions. (Chapter - 6) Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques. (Chapter - 7) UNIT - III Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes, Throat Paint, Eardrops, Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and Lotions. (Chapter - 8) Biphasic liquids: Suspensions : Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications, Preparation of suspensions; Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension and stability problems and methods to overcome. (Chapter - 9) Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the identification of type of Emulsion, Methods of preparation and stability problems and methods to overcome. (Chapter - 10) UNIT - IV Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases, methods of preparations. Displacement value and its calculations, evaluation of suppositories. (Chapter - 11) Pharmaceutical incompatibilities : Definition, classification, physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities with examples. (Chapter - 12) UNIV - V Semisolid dosage forms : Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms. (Chapter - 13)
