Unit I: Wave Optics Interference Introduction to electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic spectrum - Interference in thin film of uniform thickness (with derivation) - Interference in thin film wedge shape (qualitative) - Applications of interference: testing optical flatness, anti-reflection coating Diffraction Diffraction of light - Diffraction at a single slit, conditions for principal maxima and minima, diffraction pattern - Diffraction grating, conditions for principal maxima and minima starting from resultant amplitude equations, diffraction pattern - Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution, resolving power of telescope and grating Polarization - Polarization of light, Malus law - Double refraction, Huygen’s theory of double refraction Applications of polarization: LCD. (Chapters-1, 2, 3) Unit II: Laser and Optic Fibre Laser - Basics of laser and its mechanism, characteristics of laser - Semiconductor laser: Single Hetro-junction laser - Gas laser: laser - Applications of lasers: Holography, IT, industrial, medical. Optic Fiber - Introduction, parameters: Acceptance Angle, Acceptance Cone, Numerical Aperture - Types of optical fiber- step index and graded index - Attenuation and reasons for losses in optic fibers (qualitative) - Communication system: basic building blocks - Advantages of optical fiber communication over conventional methods. (Chapters-4, 5) Unit III: Quantum Mechanics De-Broglie hypothesis - Concept of phase velocity and group velocity (qualitative) - Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - Wave-function and its physical significance - Schrodinger’s equations: time independent and time dependent - Application of Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation - Particle enclosed in infinitely deep potential well (Particle in RigidBox) - Particle in Finite potential well (Particle in Non Rigid box) (qualitative) - Tunneling effect, Tunneling effect examples (principle only): Alpha Decay, Scanning Tunneling Microscope, Tunnel diode - Introduction to quantum computing. (Chapter-6) Unit IV: Semiconductor Physics Free electron theory (Qualitative) - Opening of band gap due to internal electron diffraction due to lattice Band theory of solids - Effective mass of electron density of states - Fermi Dirac distribution function - Conductivity of conductors and semiconductors - Position of Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (with derivations based on carrier concentration) - Working of PN junction on the basis of band diagram - Expression for barrier potential (derivation) - Ideal diode equation - Applications of PN junction diode: Solar cell (basic principle with band diagram) IV Characteristics and Parameters, ways of improving efficiency of solar cell - Hall effect: Derivation for hall voltage, hall coefficient, applications of hall effect. (Chapter-7) Unit V: Magnetism and Superconductivity Magnetism Origin of magnetism - Classification of magnetism on the basis of permeability (qualitative) - Applications of magnetic devices: transformer cores, magnetic storage, magneto-optical recording. Superconductivity Introduction to superconductivity; Properties of superconductors: zero electrical - resistance, critical magnetic field, persistent current, Meissner effect - Type I and Type II superconductors - Low and high temperature superconductors (introduction and qualitative) - AC/DC Josephson effect; SQUID: basic construction and principle of working; Applications of SQUID - Applications of superconductors. (Chapters-8, 9) Unit VI: Non Destructive Testing and Nanotechnology Non Destructive Testing Classification of non-destructive testing methods - Principles of physics in non-destructive testing - Advantages of non-destructive testing methods - Acoustic emission testing - Ultrasonic (thickness measurement, flaw detection) - Radiography testing. Nanotechnology Introduction to nanotechnology - Quantum confinement and surface to volume ratio - Properties of nanoparticles: optical, electrical, mechanical Applications of nanoparticles: Medical (targeted drug delivery), electronics, space and defense, automobile. (Chapters-10, 11)
