Unit I Water Technology Impurities in water, hardness of water : Types, Units and Numericals. Determination of hardness (by EDTA method using molarity concept) and alkalinity, numericals. Ill effects of hard water in boiler - priming and foaming, boiler corrosion, caustic embrittlement, scale and sludge. Water treatment : i) Zeolite method and numericals ii) Demineralization method. Purification of water: Reverse osmosis and Electrodialysis. (Chapter - 1) Unit II Instrumental Methods of Analysis Introduction : Types of reference electrode (calomel electrode), indicator electrode (glass electrode), ion selective electrode: ion selective membranes such as solid membrane, enzyme based membrane and gas sensing membrane. [A] Conductometry: Introduction, conductivity cell, conductometric titrations of acid versus base with titration curve. [B] pH metry: Introduction, standardization of pH meter, pH metric titration of strong acid versus strong base with titration curve. (Chapter - 2)
