SYLLABUS ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION [203144] Credits Examination Scheme [Marks] Th : 03 In-Sem : 30 Marks PR : 02 End-Sem : 70 Marks Term Work : 25 Marks Practical : 25 Marks Unit 01 : A. Classification of Measuring Instruments : Characteristics of measuring instruments: static and dynamic, accuracy, linearity, speed of response, dead zone, repeatability, resolution, span, reproducibility, drifts. Necessity of calibration, standards and their classification, absolute and secondary instruments, types of secondary instruments: indicating, integrating, and recording, analog / digital. Ammeter and Voltmeter Theory: Essentials of indicating instruments deflecting, controlling and damping systems. Construction, working principle, torque equation, advantages and disadvantages of Moving Iron (MI) instruments (attraction and repulsion). block diagram and operation of digital ammeter & voltmeter. B. Range Extension : Instrument Transformers : Construction, connection of CT & PT in the circuit, advantages of CT / PT for range extension of MI Instruments, transformation ratio, turns ratio, nominal ratio, burden, ratio and phase angle error.(descriptive treatment only) (Chapters 1 and 2) Unit 02 : A. Measurement of Resistance : Measurement of low, medium and high resistance. Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin’s double bridge, ammeter-voltmeter method, megger. Earth tester for earth resistance measurement. B. Measurement of Inductance : Introduction, sources and detectors for A.C. bridge, general equation for bridge at balance. Maxwell’s inductance, Maxwell’s inductance – Capacitance Bridge, Anderson’s bridge. (Chapter - 3) Unit 03 : Measurement of Power : Construction, working principle, torque equation, errors and their compensation, advantages and disadvantages of dynamometer type wattmeter, low power factor wattmeter, poly-phase wattmeter. Active & reactive power measurement in three phase system for balanced and unbalanced load using three wattmeter method, two wattmeter method & one wattmeter method. (Chapter - 4) Unit 04 : Measurement of Energy : Construction, working principle, torque equation of single phase conventional (induction type) energy meter. Block diagram and operation of single phase and three phase static energy meter. Calibration of static energy meter. TOD meter. (Chapter - 5) Unit 05 : A. Oscilloscope : Introduction, various parts, front panel controls, use of CRO for measurement of voltage, current, period, frequency. Phase angle & frequency by Lissajous pattern. Introduction to DSO. B. Transducers : Introduction, classification, types: resistive, inductive, capacitive, basic requirements for transducers. C. Pressure Measurement : Introduction, classification of pressure as low, medium & high, absolute, gauge, vacuum, static, dynamic & head pressure. High pressure measurement using electric methods, low pressure measurement by McLeod gauge and pirani gauge, capacitive pressure transducer. (Chapters - 6 and 7) Unit 06 : A. Level Measurement : Introduction and importance of level measurement, level measurement methods: mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, nucleonic and ultrasonic. B. Displacement Measurement : LVDT & RVDT – construction, working, applications, specifications, advantages & disadvantages, effect of frequency on performance. C. Strain Gauge : Introduction, definition of strain, types of strain gauge: wire strain gauge, foil strain gauge, semiconductor strain gauge; their construction, working, advantages and disadvantages. (Chapter - 8)
