Syllabus Foundation Engineering - (401001) Credits Examination Scheme 03 In semester exam: 30 Marks End semester exam: 70 Marks Unit 1 : Subsurface Investigations for Foundations Purpose and planning of subsurface exploration, methods of Investigation : trial pits, borings, depth & number of exploration holes, core recovery, RQD, core log, geophysical methods : seismic refraction and electrical resistivity method, disturbed and undisturbed sampling, types of samplers, degree of disturbance of a sampler, field tests - SPT, N value correction and significance, DCPT, SCPT and introduction of advanced testing techniques like pressure meter test, borelog, contents of sample soil investigation report. (Chapter - 1) Unit 2 : Bearing Capacity Basic definitions, modes of shear failure, bearing capacity analysis - Terzaghi’s, Hanson’s, Meyerhof’s, Skempton’s, Vesics equations and IS code method - rectangular and circular footings, bearing capacity evaluation : plate load test and SPT, Housel’s perimeter shear concept, bearing capacity of layered soil, effect of water table on bearing capacity, effect of eccentricity, presumptive bearing capacity. (Chapter - 2) Unit 3 : Immediate and Consolidation Settlement Immediate Settlement : introduction, causes of settlement, pressure bulb, contact pressure, significant depth of foundation, allowable settlement, differential settlement - I. S. criteria, components of settlement, use of plate load test and SPT in settlement analysis and allowable soil pressure. Consolidation Settlement : introduction, spring analogy, Terzaghi’s consolidation theory, laboratory consolidation test, determination of coefficient of consolidation- square root of time fitting method and logarithm of time fitting method, time factor, rate of settlement and its applications in shallow foundations, introduction of normal consolidation, over consolidation and pre consolidation pressure. (Chapter - 3) Unit 4 : Pile Foundations Introduction : pile classification according to different criteria, pile installation - Cast in-situ, driven and bored pile, load carrying capacity of pile by static method, dynamic Methods : Engineering news formula, modified ENR formula and modified Hiley formula, pile load test and cyclic pile load test, group action : field rule, rigid block method, negative skin friction, settlement of pile group in cohesive soil by approximate method, uplift capacity of piles, micro piles. (Chapter - 4) Unit 5 : Shallow foundations, Piers and Caissons Shallow Foundations : types and applications, location and depth of footing, principles of design of footing, steps involved in proportioning of footing, proportioning of combined footings - rectangular, trapezoidal and strap footing, raft foundation - types, bearing capacity, floating raft, design of raft foundation - conventional (rigid) method and elastic (flexible) method (only design principles and steps, no numerical). Piers and Caissons : definitions, types and uses, well foundation : components, sand island method, shapes of wells, tilts and shifts : precautionary and remedial measures, bearing capacity and depth of well foundation, forces acting on well foundations, lateral stability of well foundation - Terzaghi’s method, IRC method, ultimate soil resistance method (only numerical on lateral stability analysis, no derivation for methods). (Chapter - 5) Unit 6 : Cofferdams and Foundation on Black Cotton Soils Cofferdams : types and applications, contiguous pile walls, RC Diaphragm wall method. Foundation on Black Cotton Soils : characteristics of black cotton soil, swelling potential and its evaluation methods, engineering problems, swelling pressure measurement, foundations on black cotton soil : design principles, construction techniques, under reamed piles: design principles and its construction techniques, stone columns, pre loading with prefabricated vertical drains/sand drains. (Chapter - 6)
