UNIT - I Introduction : Modes and mechanisms of heat transfer - Basic laws of heat transfer - General discussion about applications of heat transfer. Conduction Heat Transfer : Fourier rate equation - General heat conduction equation in Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates - simplification and forms of the field equation - steady, unsteady, and periodic heat transfer - Initial and boundary conditions. One Dimensional Steady State Conduction Heat Transfer : Homogeneous slabs, hollow cylinders, and spheres - Composite systems - overall heat transfer coefficient - Electrical analogy - Critical radius of insulation. (Chapters - 1, 2, 3) UNIT - II One Dimensional Steady State Conduction Heat Transfer : Variable Thermal conductivity - systems with heat sources or Heat generation - Extended surface (fins) Heat Transfer - Long Fin, Fin with insulated tip and Short Fin, Application to error measurement of Temperature. One Dimensional Transient Conduction Heat Transfer : Systems with negligible internal resistance - Significance of Biot and Fourier Numbers - Infinite bodies - Chart solutions of transient conduction systems - Concept of Semi-infinite body. (Chapters - 4, 5) UNIT - III Convective Heat Transfer : Classification of systems based on causation of flow, condition of flow, configuration of flow and medium of flow - Dimensional analysis as a tool for experimental investigation - Buckingham Theorem and method, application for developing semi - empirical non - dimensional correlation for convection heat transfer - Significance of non-dimensional numbers - Concepts of Continuity, Momentum and Energy Equations - Integral Method as approximate method - Application of Von Karman Integral Momentum Equation for flat plate with different velocity profiles. Forced convection : External Flows : Concepts about hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer and use of empirical correlations for convective heat transfer - Flat plates and Cylinders. (Chapters - 6, 7) UNIT - IV Internal Flows : Concepts about Hydrodynamic and Thermal Entry Lengths - Division of internal flow based on this - Use of empirical relations for Horizontal Pipe Flow and annulus flow. Free Convection : Development of Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer along a vertical plate - Use of empirical relations for Vertical plates and pipes. Heat Exchangers : Classification of heat exchangers - overall heat transfer coefficient and fouling factor - Concepts of LMTD and NTU methods - Problems using LMTD and NTU methods. (Chapters - 8, 9, 10) UNIT - V Heat Transfer with Phase Change : Boiling : - Pool boiling - Regimes - Calculations on Nucleate boiling, Critical Heat flux and Film boiling. Condensation : Film wise and drop wise condensation - Nusselt's Theory of Condensation on a vertical plate - Film condensation on vertical and horizontal cylinders using empirical correlations. Radiation Heat Transfer : Emission characteristics and laws of black-body radiation - Irradiation - total and monochromatic quantities - laws of Planck, Wien, Kirchoff, Lambert, Stefan and Boltzmann - heat exchange between two black bodies - concepts of shape factor - Emissivity - heat exchange between grey bodies - radiation shields - electrical analogy for radiation networks. (Chapters - 11, 12)
