Unit - 1 : Block Schematics of Measuring Systems : Performance Characteristics, Static Characteristics, Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, Types of Errors, Gaussian Error, Root Sum Squares formula, Dynamic, Characteristics. Repeatability, Reproducibility, Fidelity, La; Measuring Instruments : DC Voltmeters, D' Arsonval Movement, DC Current Meters, AC Voltmeters and Current Meters, Ohmmeters, Multimeters, Meter Protection, Extension of Rane. True RMS Respondin Voltmeters, Specifications of Instruments. (Chapter - 1) UNIT- 11: Signal Analyzers : AF, HF Wave Analyzers, Harmonic Distortion. Heterodyne wave Analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers, Power Analyzers, Capacitance-Voltae Meters, Oscillators. Signal Generators : AF, RF Sinal Generators, Sweep Frequency Generators, Pulse and Square wave Generators, Function Generators, Arbitrary Waveform Generator, Video Sinal Generators, and Specifications. (Chapter - 2) UNIT ΠΙ: Oscilloscopes : CRT, Block Schematic of CRO, Time Base Circuits, Lissajous Fiures, CRO Probes, Hih Frequency CRO Considerations. Delay lines, Applications: Measurement of Time. Period and Frequency Specifications. Special Purpose Oscilloscopes : Dual Trace, Dual Beam CROs, Samplin Oscilloscopes, Storae Oscilloscopes, Diφtal Storae CROs. (Chapter - 3) UNIT 1\7: Transducers : Classification. Strain Gaues. Bounded, Unbounded; Force and Displacement Transducers, Resistance Thermometers, Hotwire Anemometers, LVDT, Thermocouples, Synchros, Special Resistance Thermometers, Diφtal Temperature sensin system, Piezoelectric Transducers, Variable Capacitance Transducers, Maneto Strictive Transducers, yroscopes, accelerometers. (Chapter - 4) UNIT \7: Bridges : Wheat Stone Bride. Kelvin Bride. and Maxwell Bride. Measurement of Physical Parameters : Flow Measurement, Displacement Meters, Liquid Ievel Measurement, Measurement of Humidity and Moisture. Velocity, Force, Pressure - Hih Pressure. Vacuum level, Temperature -Measurements, Data Acquisition Systems. (Chapter - 5)