UNIT I Introduction to Optical Fibers Introduction - General optical fiber communication system - basic optical laws and definitions - optical modes and configurations - mode analysis for optical propagation through fibers - modes in planar waveguide - modes in cylindrical optical fiber - transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes - fiber materials - fiber fabrication techniques - fiber optic cables - classification of optical fiber - single mode fiber - graded index fiber. (Chapter - 1) UNIT II Transmission Characteristic of Optical Fiber Attenuation - absorption - scattering losses - bending losses - core and cladding losses - signal dispersion - inter symbol interference and bandwidth - intra model dispersion - material dispersion - waveguide dispersion - polarization mode dispersion - intermodal dispersion - dispersion optimization of single mode fiber - characteristics of single mode fiber - R-I Profile - cutoff wave length - dispersion calculation - mode field diameter. (Chapter - 2) UNIT III Optical Sources and Detectors Sources: Intrinsic and extrinsic material - direct and indirect band gaps - LED - LED structures - surface emitting LED - Edge emitting LED - quantum efficiency and LED power - light source materials - modulation of LED - LASER diodes - modes and threshold conditions - Rate equations - external quantum efficiency - resonant frequencies-structures and radiation patterns - single mode laser - external modulation - temperature effort. Detectors: PIN photo detector - Avalanche photo diodes - Photo detector noise - noise sources - SNR - detector response time - Avalanche multiplication noise - temperature effects - comparisons of photo detectors. (Chapter - 3) UNIT IV Optical Receiver, Measurements and Coupling Fundamental receiver operation - preamplifiers - digital signal transmission - error sources - Front end amplifiers - digital receiver performance - probability of error - receiver sensitivity - quantum limit. Optical power measurement - attenuation measurement - dispersion measurement - Fiber numerical aperture measurements - Fiber cut-off Wavelength measurements - Fiber diameter measurements - Source to Fiber Power Launching - Lensing schemes for Coupling management - Fiber to Fiber Joints - LED Coupling to Single Mode Fibers - Fiber Splicing - Optical fiber connectors. (Chapter - 4) UNIT V Optical Communication Systems and Networks System design consideration - Point-to-Point link design - Link power budget - rise time budget, WDM - Passive DWDM Components - Elements of optical networks - SONET/SDH - Optical Interfaces - SONET/SDH Rings and Networks - High speed light wave Links - OADM configuration - Optical ETHERNET - Soliton. (Chapter - 5)
