I Fluid Properties and Flow Characteristics Units and dimensions - Properties of fluids - mass density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility, vapour pressure, surface tension and capillarity. Flow characteristics - concept of control volume - application of continuity equation, energy equation and momentum equation. II Flow through Circular Conduits Hydraulic and energy gradient - Laminar flow through circular conduits and circular annuli-Boundary layer concepts - types of boundary layer thickness - Darcy Weisbach equation - friction factor -Moody diagram - commercial pipes - minor losses - Flow through pipes in series and parallel. III Dimensional Analysis Need for dimensional analysis - methods of dimensional analysis - Similitude - Types of similitude - Dimensionless parameters - application of dimensionless parameters - Model analysis. IV Pumps Impact of jets - Euler's equation - Theory of roto-dynamic machines - various efficiencies - velocity components at entry and exit of the rotor - velocity triangles - Centrifugal pumps - working principle - work done by the impeller - performance curves - Reciprocating pump - working principle - Rotary pumps - classification. V Turbines Classification of turbines - heads and efficiencies - velocity triangles. Axial, radial and mixed flow turbines. Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbines - working principles - work done by water on the runner - draft tube. Specific speed - unit quantities - performance curves for turbines - governing of turbines
