UNIT I Relational Databases Purpose of Database System - Views of data - Data Models- Database System Architecture - Introduction to relational databases - Relational Model - Keys - Relational Algebra - SQL fundamentals - Advanced SQL features - Embedded SQL - Dynamic SQL. (Chapter - 1) UNIT II Database Design Entity-Relationship model - E-R Diagrams - Enhanced-ER Model - ER-to-Relational Mapping - Functional Dependencies - Non-loss Decomposition - First, Second, Third Normal Forms, Dependency Preservation - Boyce/Codd Normal Form - Multi-valued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form - Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form. (Chapter - 2) UNIT III Transactions Transaction Concepts - ACID Properties - Schedules - Serializability - Concurrency Control - Need for Concurrency - Locking Protocols - Two Phase Locking - Deadlock - Transaction Recovery - Save Points - Isolation Levels - SQL Facilities for Concurrency and Recovery. (Chapter - 3) UNIT IV Implementation Techniques RAID - File Organization - Organization of Records in Files - Indexing and Hashing - Ordered Indices - B+ tree Index Files - B tree Index Files - Static Hashing - Dynamic Hashing - Query Processing Overview - Algorithms for SELECT and JOIN operations - Query optimization using Heuristics and Cost Estimation. (Chapter - 4) UNIT V Advanced Topics Distributed Databases : Architecture, Data Storage, Transaction Processing - Object-based Databases : Object Database Concepts, Object-Relational features, ODMG Object Model, ODL, OQL - XML Databases : XML Hierarchical Model, DTD, XML Schema, XQuery - Information Retrieval : IR Concepts, Retrieval Models, Queries in IR systems. (Chapter - 5)
