1. Differential, multi-stage and operational amplifiers Differential amplifier; power amplifier; direct coupled multi-stage amplifier; internal structure of an operational amplifier, ideal op-amp, non-idealities in an op-amp (Output offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, slew rate, gain bandwidth product) 2. Linear applications of op-amp Idealized analysis of op-amp circuits. Inverting and non-inverting amplifier, differential amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, integrator, active filter, P, PI and PID controllers and lead/lag compensator using an op-amp, voltage regulator, oscillators (Wein bridge and phase shift). Analog to Digital Conversion. 3. Nonlinear applications of op-amp Hysteretic Comparator, Zero Crossing Detector, Square-wave and triangular-wave generators. Precision rectifier, peak detector. 4. Combinational Digital Circuits Standard representation for logic functions, K-map representation, simplification of logic functions using K-map, minimization of logical functions. Don’t care conditions, Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer/Decoders, Adders, Subtractors, BCD arithmetic, carry look ahead adder, serial adder, ALU, elementary ALU design, popular MSI chips, digital comparator, parity checker/generator, code converters, priority encoders, decoders/drivers for display devices, Q-M method of function realization 5. Sequential Circuits and Systems A 1-bit memory, the circuit properties of Bi-stable latch, the clocked SR flip flop, J- K-T and D types flip-flops, applications of flip-flops, shift registers, applications of shift registers, serial to parallel converter, parallel to serial converter, ring counter, sequence generator, ripple (Asynchronous) counters, synchronous counters, counters design using flip flops, special counter IC’s, asynchronous sequential counters, applications of counters. 6. A/D and D/A Converters Digital to analog converters: weighted resistor/converter, R-2R Ladder D/A converter,
