Syllabus Energy Management and Audit - (BE05009081) Total Credits = Total Hrs./30 Assessment Pattern and Marks Total Marks Theory Tutorial / Practical ESE (E) PA (M) PA (I) PBL (I) ESE (V) 3 70 30 20 30 50 200 Unit No. Content 1. Energy Scenario, Policy and Legislative Framework Energy scenario in India and Gujarat : electrical energy consumption patterns; sector-wise analysis (industrial, commercial, residential). Energy Conservation Act (EC Act) 2001 - key provisions, designated consumers, penalties. Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act 2022 : Carbon Credit Trading Scheme, Non-Fossil Consumption Obligations (RCO/RPO), sustainability building codes. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) : structure and programmes - Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme, Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts), Standards and Labelling, UJALA. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE). State-level energy policies : GUVNL, GEDA, Gujarat Solar and Wind policies, GERC tariff orders. Electricity Act 2003 - relevance to metering and distribution. India's COP-26 commitments and SDG 7. (Chapter - 1) 2. Electrical Energy Audit : Methodology, Instruments and Procedures Definition and need of energy audit; types - preliminary (walk-through), detailed (diagnostic), investment-grade audit. Energy audit team, scope and boundaries. Data collection, historical energy bills analysis, load profiling, electricity tariff structures (ToD, ToU, HT/LT tariffs). Energy performance indicators (EnPIs), benchmarking and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC). BEE-certified Energy Manager (EM) and Energy Auditor (EA) : qualifications, eligibility, accreditation process, statutory duties and responsibilities under EC Act 2001. Measurement instruments : energy analyzers (IEC 61557-12 and IS 15884), clamp meters, data loggers, IR thermographic cameras, lux meters, power quality analyzers. Measurement of : kWh, kVAh, kVArh, power factor, load factor, demand factor. Sub-metering surveys and feeder loss estimation. Energy audit report structure as per BEE format. Numerical problems on energy consumption analysis and benchmarking. (Chapter - 2) 3. Power Quality Assessment and Improvement Power quality - definition, importance and financial cost of poor power quality. Voltage sags/swells : causes and classification (IEEE 1159). Harmonics : generation by non-linear loads (VFDs, UPS, rectifiers), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), harmonic spectrum; limits as per IEEE 519-2022, IEC 61000-3-2, IEC 61000-3-12. Harmonic filters - passive, active, hybrid. Voltage unbalance : causes and effects on motors (IEC 60034-26). Flicker : PST, PLT; IEC 61000-4-15. Power factor improvement : effect on losses and tariff penalty; capacitor bank sizing and placement (IS 13925 / IEEE 18); Automatic Power Factor Controllers (APFC). Power quality measurement instruments : Class A analyzers per IEC 61000-4-30. Case study : power quality audit in a Gujarat industrial facility. (Chapter - 3) 4. Energy Efficiency of Electrical Equipment and Systems Electric motors : efficiency classes IE1–IE4 (IS 12615 / IEC 60034-30-1); right-sizing; efficiency testing (IEEE 112); motor rewinding losses. Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) : energy savings, selection criteria and harmonic impact. Pumps and fan systems : affinity laws, system curve, Best Efficiency Point (BEP); specific energy consumption; audit methodology (IS 9137). Distribution transformers : energy-efficient amorphous-core types (IS 1180); K-factor transformers for non-linear loads; loading optimization. (Note : transformer loss theory is not re-taught here; only audit-relevant assessment is covered.) Lighting systems : luminous efficacy (lm/W), BEE star rating for LED luminaires; lux-level audit; ECBC lighting power density requirements (IS 3646). HVAC systems : EER, COP and ISEER ratings; BEE star labels; chiller and split-AC energy audit (secondary reference for electrical audit context only). (Chapter - 4) 5. Demand-Side Management, Supply-Side Efficiency and Grid Technologies Demand-Side Management (DSM) : objectives and strategies - load levelling, valley-filling, load shifting, peak-load management; Time-of-Day (ToD) tariff and smart metering (IS 16444); prepaid metering. Smart grid : Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), demand response, Volt/VAR optimization. Power distribution feeder audit : feeder-level loss calculation, capacitor placement optimization, reconductoring economics. Renewable energy integration - overview: rooftop solar PV energy yield estimation (CUF, performance ratio); net metering (Gujarat policy, IS 16221); Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) for peak-shaving (IEC 62933); financial analysis : LCOE, simple payback, NPV, IRR. Non-Fossil Consumption Obligation (RCO) for designated consumers (EC Amendment Act 2022). (Chapter - 5) 6. Renewable Energy Integration and Energy Storage for Audit and Management Rooftop and ground-mount Solar PV systems : components, MNRE/SECI guidelines; grid-connection as per CEA regulations and CEIG norms; IS 16221, IEC 61730, IEC 61215 (PV module testing); net metering, gross metering - Gujarat net metering policy. Wind energy : capacity factor, wind resource assessment; integration issues; IS 61400 series. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) : technology comparison (Li-ion, flow batteries, lead-acid); Non-Fossil Consumption Obligation (RCO) compliance for designated consumers under EC Amendment Act 2022. Green hydrogen (introductory) and its role in industrial energy management. (Chapter - 6) Syllabus Energy Audit and Management - (BE05000431) Total Credits = TH/30 Assessment Pattern and Marks Total Marks Theory Tutorial / Practical ESE (E) PA/CA (M) PA/CA (I) PBL (I) ESE (V) 2 70 30 00 30 0 130 Unit No. Content 1. Energy Scenario, Policy and Legislative Framework Energy scenario in India and Gujarat : electrical energy consumption patterns; sector-wise analysis (industrial, commercial, residential). Energy Conservation Act (EC Act) 2001 - key provisions, designated consumers, penalties. Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act 2022 : Carbon Credit Trading Scheme, Non-Fossil Consumption Obligations (RCO/RPO), sustainability building codes. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) : structure and programmes - Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme, Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts), Standards and Labelling, UJALA. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE). State-level energy policies : GUVNL, GEDA, Gujarat Solar and Wind policies, GERC tariff orders. Electricity Act 2003 - relevance to metering and distribution. India's COP-26 commitments and SDG 7. (Chapter - 1) 2. Electrical Energy Audit : Methodology, Instruments and Procedures Definition and need of energy audit; types - preliminary (walk-through), detailed (diagnostic), investment-grade audit. Energy audit team, scope and boundaries. Data collection, historical energy bills analysis, load profiling, electricity tariff structures (ToD, ToU, HT/LT tariffs). Energy performance indicators (EnPIs), benchmarking and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC). BEE-certified Energy Manager (EM) and Energy Auditor (EA) : qualifications, eligibility, accreditation process, statutory duties and responsibilities under EC Act 2001. Measurement instruments: energy analysers (IEC 61557-12 and IS 15884), clamp meters, data loggers, IR thermographic cameras, lux meters, power quality analysers. Measurement of : kWh, kVAh, kVArh, power factor, load factor, demand factor. Sub-metering surveys and feeder loss estimation. Energy audit report structure as per BEE format. Numerical problems on energy consumption analysis and benchmarking. (Chapter - 2) 3. Power Quality Assessment and Improvement Power quality - definition, importance and financial cost of poor power quality. Voltage sags/swells : causes and classification (IEEE 1159). Harmonics : generation by non-linear loads (VFDs, UPS, rectifiers), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), harmonic spectrum; limits as per IEEE 519-2022, IEC 61000-3-2, IEC 61000-3-12. Harmonic filters - passive, active, hybrid. Voltage unbalance: causes and effects on motors (IEC 60034-26). Flicker: PST, PLT; IEC 61000-4-15. Power factor improvement : effect on losses and tariff penalty; capacitor bank sizing and placement (IS 13925 / IEEE 18); Automatic Power Factor Controllers (APFC). Power quality measurement instruments : Class A analysers per IEC 61000-4-30. (Chapter - 3) 4. Energy Efficiency of Electrical Equipment and Systems Electric motors : efficiency classes IE1-IE4 (IS 12615 / IEC 60034-30-1); right-sizing; efficiency testing (IEEE 112); motor rewinding losses. Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) : energy savings, selection criteria and harmonic impact. Pumps and fan systems: affinity laws, system curve, Best Efficiency Point (BEP); specific energy consumption; audit methodology (IS 9137). Distribution transformers : energy-efficient amorphous-core types (IS 1180); K-factor transformers for non-linear loads; loading optimization. (Note : transformer loss theory is not re-taught here; only audit-relevant assessment is covered.) Lighting systems : luminous efficacy (lm/W), BEE star rating for LED luminaires; lux-level audit; ECBC lighting power density requirements (IS 3646). HVAC systems : EER, COP and ISEER ratings; BEE star labels; chiller and split-AC energy audit (secondary reference for electrical audit context only). (Chapter - 4) 5. Demand-Side Management, Supply-Side Efficiency and Grid Technologies Demand-Side Management (DSM) : objectives and strategies - load levelling, valley-filling, load shifting, peak-load management; Time-of-Day (ToD) tariff and smart metering (IS 16444); prepaid metering. Smart grid : Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), demand response, Volt/VAR optimization. Power distribution feeder audit : feeder-level loss calculation, capacitor placement optimization, reconductoring economics. Renewable energy integration - overview : rooftop solar PV energy yield estimation (CUF, performance ratio); net metering (Gujarat policy, IS 16221); Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) for peak-shaving (IEC 62933); financial analysis : LCOE, simple payback, NPV, IRR. Non-Fossil Consumption Obligation (RCO) for designated consumers (EC Amendment Act 2022). (Chapter - 5) 6. Renewable Energy Integration and Energy Storage for Audit and Management Rooftop and ground-mount Solar PV systems : components, MNRE/SECI guidelines; grid-connection as per CEA regulations and CEIG norms; IS 16221, IEC 61730, IEC 61215 (PV module testing); net metering, gross metering - Gujarat net metering policy. Wind energy : capacity factor, wind resource assessment; integration issues; IS 61400 series. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) : technology comparison (Li-ion, flow batteries, lead-acid); Non-Fossil Consumption Obligation (RCO) compliance for designated consumers under EC Amendment Act 2022. Green hydrogen (introductory) and its role in industrial energy management. (Chapter - 6)
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