UNIT I : FUNDAMENTALS AND ARCHITECTURES Introduction : Characteristics and examples of distributed systems, Design goals, Types of distributed systems, Trends in distributed systems, Focus on Resource Sharing, Challenges. Architectures: Architectural styles, middleware and middleware organization, system architectures, Example architectures. Case Study : The World Wide Web (Chapter - 1) UNIT II : COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION Communication : Introduction, Layered protocols , Types of communication, Inter-process Communication, Remote Procedure Call (RPC), Message oriented communication, Multicast Communication, Network Virtualization: Overlay Network Coordination: Clock Synchronization, Logical Clocks, Mutual Exclusion, Election algorithms, Distributed event matching, Gossip Based coordination Case Study : IBM's Websphere Message-Queuing System (Chapter - 2) UNIT III : REPLICATION AND FAULT TOLERANCE Replication : Reasons for replication, Replica management, Failure masking and replication, Consistency protocols, Catching and replication in web,Fault Tolerance: Introduction, Failure models, Fault systems with arbitrary failures, Reliable client server communication, Reliable group communication, Distributed commit, Recovery, Checkpoints. Case Study : Catching and Replication in Web (Chapter - 3) UNIT IV : DISTRIBUTED FILES AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Distributed File Systems : Introduction, File System Architecture, Sun Network File System, and HDFS. Name Services: Introduction, Name Services and the Domain Name System, Directory Services. Case Study - 1 : The Global Name Service, 2. The X.500 Directory Service. Distributed Multimedia Systems : Characteristics of Multimedia Data, Quality of Service Management, Resource management, Stream Adaptation. Case Study : BitTorrent and End System Multicast. (Chapter - 4) UNIT V : DISTRIBUTED WEB BASED SYSTEM Architecture of Traditional Web-Based Systems, Apache Web Server, Web Server Clusters, Communication by Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Synchronization, Web Proxy Caching, Replication for Web Hosting Systems, Replication of Web Applications, Fault Tolerance in distributed web based systems, Security Concerns. Case Study : HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (Chapter - 5) UNIT VI : SECURITY IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Introduction to Security : Security Threats, Policies, and Mechanisms, Design Issues, Cryptography. Secure Channels : Authentication, Message Integrity and Confidentiality, Secure Group Communication, Access Control : General Issues in Access Control, Firewalls, Secure Mobile Code, Denial of Service (DOS). Security Management : Key Management, Secure Group Management, Authorization Management. Emerging Trends In Distributed Systems : Grid Computing, Service Oriented Architectures (SOA). Case Study : Kerberos. (Chapter - 6)
